According to Dr Marange, teachers are regarded as the hub of educational development. In-service teacher professional development is a way of promoting teacher education in areas such as technology mastery or subject mastery. In-service teacher training is the professional development of teachers who are already practising teaching. In other words, in-service teacher training is an opportunity given to practising teachers to learn, unlearn and relearn.

Mathematics teachers’ training must focus on engaging teachers on activities that improves teaching practice and learner attainment. In fact, an effective teacher education programme leads to teacher learning and changes in their attitudes and beliefs. With everything changing, technology has become part of almost all areas of our lives, including the education sector. Teachers are an essential element in the effectiveness of the use of technology in classrooms. Mathematics teachers have not widely embodied EdTech in their teaching. The outcome of the use of technologies in education is superior in mathematics than in any other discipline. Therefore, integrating technologies is a hand in addressing the challenges mathematics learners are experiencing.

Teachers play a central role in helping learners become critical thinkers, strategic problem solvers, and active learners. It is, therefore, imperative that mathematics teachers collectively or individually acquire 21st Century skills, such as being innovative and creative, in order to improve the quality of learners’ education. The generation of 21st Century learners cannot be prepared with the knowledge and skills of the teachers of generations ago. In other words, a teacher’s grasp of facts a generation ago is no longer adequate to prepare learners for the 21st Century and the world outside of school. Hence, the famous saying by Dewey, “If teachers teach today as they were taught yesterday, they rob children of tomorrow”.

Through in-service teacher training, teachers are introduced to modern and advanced teaching strategies to improve the quality of teaching approaches. This allows them to incorporate innovative teaching methods into the classroom and encourages them to embrace new methods.